All About Sleep
Sleep — or lack of it — is probably the most-discussed aspect of baby care.The quality and quantity of an infant’s sleep affects the well-being of everyone in the household.
How should you respond when you’re awakened in the middle of the night? And how much sleep is enough for your child? It all depends on your child’s age.
How Much Is Enough?
There’s no magical number of hours required by all kids in a certain age group. Two-year-old Sarah might sleep from 8:00 PM to 8:00 AM, whereas 2-year-old Johnny is just as alert the next day after sleeping from 10:00 PM to 5:00 AM. Still, sleep is very important to a child’s well-being. The link between a child’s lack of sleep and his or her behavior isn’t always obvious. When adults are tired, they can either be grumpy or have low energy, but kids can become hyper, disagreeable, and have extremes in behavior.
Here are some approximate numbers based on age, accompanied by age-appropriate pro-sleep tactics.
The First 6 Months
There is no sleep formula for newborns because their internal clocks aren’t fully developed yet. They generally sleep or drowse for 16 to 20 hours a day, divided about equally between night and day.
Newborns should be awakened every 3 to 4 hours until their weight gain is established, which typically happens within the first couple of weeks.Newborns’ longest sleep periods are generally 4 or 5 hours — this is about how long their small bellies can go between feedings.
At 3 months, a baby averages 5 hours of sleep during the day and 10 hours at night, usually with an interruption or two. About 90% of babies this age sleep through the night, meaning 6 to 8 hours in a row.
But it’s important to recognize that babies aren’t always awake when they sound like they are; they can cry and make all sorts of other noises during light sleep. Even if they do wake up in the night, they may only be awake for a few minutes before falling asleep again on their own. It’s best if babies learn early to get themselves to sleep, so let your baby try.
If a baby under 6 months old continues to cry for several minutes, it’s time to respond. Your baby may be genuinely uncomfortable: hungry, wet, cold, or even sick. But routine nighttime awakenings for changing and feeding should be as quick and quiet as possible. Don’t provide any unnecessary stimulation, such as talking, playing, or turning on the lights. Encourage the idea that nighttime is for sleeping. You have to teach this because your baby doesn’t care what time it is as long as his or her needs are met.
6 to 12 Months
At 6 months, an infant may nap about 3 hours during the day and sleep about 11 hours at night. At this age, you can begin to change your response to an infant who awakens and cries during the night.
You can give babies at this age 5 minutes to settle down on their own and go back to sleep. If they don’t, you can comfort them without picking them up (talk softly, rub their backs), then leave — unless they appear to be sick. Sick babies need to be picked up and comforted. If your baby doesn’t seem sick and continues to cry, you can wait a little longer than 5 minutes,
But if your 6-month-old continues to wake up five or six times each night, talk to your doctor.
1 to 3 Years
From ages 1 to 3, most toddlers sleep about 10 to 13 hours.
Note the time of night when your toddler begins to show signs of sleepiness, and try establishing this as his or her regular bedtime. And you don’t have to force a 2- or 3-year-old child to nap during the day unless yours gets cranky and overly tired.
Parents sometimes make the mistake of thinking that keeping a child up will make him or her sleepier for bedtime. In fact, though, kids can have a harder time sleeping if they’re overtired.
Establishing a bedtime routine helps kids relax and get ready for sleep. For a toddler, the routine may be from 15 to 30 minutes long and include calming activities such as reading a story, bathing, and listening to soft music.
Whenever possible, allow your toddler to make bedtime choices within the routine: which pajamas to wear, which stuffed animal to take to bed, what music to play. This gives your little one a sense of control over the routine.
But even the best sleepers give parents an occasional wake-up call. Teething can awaken a toddler and so can dreams. Active dreaming begins at this age, and for very young children, dreams can be pretty alarming. Nightmares are particularly frightening to a toddler, who can’t distinguish imagination from reality
Comfort and hold your child at these times. Let your toddler talk about the dream if he or she wants to, and stay until your child is calm. Then encourage your child to go back to sleep as soon as possible.
Preschoolers
Preschoolers sleep about 10 to 12 hours per night, but there’s no reason to be completely rigid about which 10 to 12 hours they are. A 5-year-old who gets adequate rest at night no longer needs a daytime nap. Instead, a quiet time may be substituted. Most nursery schools and kindergartens have brief quiet periods when the children lie on mats or just rest.
School-Age Children and Preteens
Kids ages 6 to 9 need about 10 hours of sleep a night. Bedtime difficulties can arise at this age from a child’s need for private time with parents, without siblings around. Try to make a little private time just before bedtime and use it to share confidences and have small discussions, which will also prepare your child for sleep.
Children ages 10 to 12 need a little over 9 hours of shuteye a night. But it’s up to parents to judge the exact amount of rest their children need and see that they’re in bed in time for sufficient sleep.
Lack of sleep for kids can cause irritable or hyper types of behavior and can also make a condition like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) worse.
Teens
Adolescents need about 8 to 9.5 hours of sleep per night, but many don’t get it. And as they progress through puberty, teens actually need more sleep. Because teens often have schedules packed with school and activities, they’re typically chronically sleep deprived
sleep deprivation can lead to:
* decreased attentiveness
* decreased short-term memory
* inconsistent performance
* delayed response time
These can cause generally bad tempers, problems in school, stimulant use, and driving accidents
Adolescents also experience a change in their sleep patterns — their bodies want to stay up late and wake up later, which often leads to them trying to catch up on sleep during the weekend. This sleep schedule irregularity can actually aggravate the problems and make getting to sleep at a reasonable hour during the week even harder.
Ideally, a teenager should try to go to bed at the same time every night and wake up at the same time every morning, allowing for at least 8 to 9 hours of sleep.
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